Unknown Facts About Landscapers

Landscapers - Questions


From a social perspective, landscape style supplies us with a lot more eye-catching, greener settings, which advertise both sound and warmth decrease. Interestingly, some that when people have access to outside rooms, there is a sensation of connectedness and a regarded benefit to psychological and physical health. As the globe experiences the impacts of environment change, a significant focus of landscape style has actually gotten on sustainability and environment.


The following time you're out and about, ensure to take a little notification of your environments and value the factor to consider that has actually entered into every facet of the layout. If you remain in the market for specialists to develop a landscape design for your home or business, trust our team at Looking Excellent Landscaping.


Drought-resistant plants are a must in this location as they need less water than various other types., to develop a cohesive style that will make your yard appealing and practical.




 


With their know-how and know-how, these professionals can develop an outdoor atmosphere that is both visually attractive and very useful. Not just do these designs bring charm to your home, however they additionally stand for a terrific financial investment with high returns. All set to change your exterior room right into the landscape of your desires? Trust fund the proficient specialists at Master's Landscape Layout to bring your vision to life.




Everything about Landscapers


Not every person has a tidy slate to collaborate with when it concerns landscape design. The appropriate landscape style plan addresses any kind of existing problems such as overgrown trees, origin intrusion, vine overgrowth and a basic "wild forest" look to a great deal. Without the right strategy and understanding of sunlight, shade and soil needs, the appropriate placement and upkeep of plants and trees is a lot easier.


Landscape design is likewise efficient in providing personal privacy with trees and bushes when there is a need for personal privacy yet fence isn't a feasible option or choice. Your landscape style makes your property right into the relaxing, comfortable, lovely and completely planned oasis you have actually always desired. Landscapers. To get rid of any type of uncertainties about exactly how an ended up landscape style strategy shows up upon completion, we supply a visual master plan that reveals everything to scale and maturation




LandscapersLandscapers
If you are thinking about employing a landscape designer, there are a few things you should remember: Obtain suggestions: Ask your close friends, family members, and next-door neighbors for suggestions for landscape designers. Interview numerous developers: When you have a few recommendations, meeting numerous developers to get a sense of their style and experience.


By WATG Preparation + Landscape April 6, 2022 Symbolizing the power of planet and the aesthetic accept of renewal, much of the Banyan Tree's design has actually shown up as a round design that blends perfectly with the native environment. Design quality has actually always gone to the core of WATG's objective. Achieving phenomenal creativity and development calls for the thoughtful setting up of diverse point of views, experiences and expertise; and this is what inspires our incorporated, multidisciplinary team-driven layout process.




Not known Factual Statements About Landscapers


Layout quality is not merely about beautiful areas and areas, though charm is a crucial aspect. It also combines a task's performance, profitability, sustainability and durability, and the experience of each person and neighborhood included. The effect that the constructed setting has on people and the land should be designed as thoroughly as the developed environment itself.




 


Wonderful developers assume holistically regarding the assimilation of nature and the built environment. Landscape designers consider the elements that will drive the maximum capability of outside spaces and collaborate with planners, coordinators, architects and indoor developers to make certain that indoor-outdoor connections are smooth factors that have heightened significance in our post-pandemic culture.




LandscapersLandscapers
A natural setting maintained for boosted biodiversity, consisting of plants, pollinators and wild animals. These jobs are made for the common benefit of the customer, their clients, the neighborhood area, and nature.


With sustainability and resilience at the core of the new city's master strategy, it helps the region plan for the all-too-common climate emergency situation or all-natural calamity. Decreasing effect on the website, existing greenery and plant supply will be regrowed, with the general growing scheme complying with an aboriginal approach for long-lasting reduced water demand, and to celebrate its local color and practice.




An Unbiased View of Landscapers


This delicate relationship with nature motivates the hotel's general goal to nurture a deep connection to the land and its distinct ridges, craters, forests and dams all while delivering an immersive, deluxe experience for visitors. Native plants and agricultural methods are celebrated. Regrowth and impact-reduction are prioritized in order to protect as much of the landscape as possible and enhance biodiversity, consisting of migratory bird environments.


And the overall architectural impact is created to be deliberately light. A delicate relationship with nature motivates the resort's general purpose to nurture a deep link to the land and its distinct ridges, craters, forests and dams all while supplying an immersive, deluxe experience for guests. These landscape techniques are foundational to the resort's success and sustainability and develop a cohesive collection of assisting concepts for the design, interior decoration, and general operations of 2 hotels a Banyan Tree, and an Angsana and of the golf links and relevant clubhouses, all designed by WATG and Wimberly Interiors.




The Angsana building is larger, with 200 areas, and is family-oriented. The architecture of both high-end resorts is designed to blend in as opposed to stick out, and to decrease effect on the website. The structures are bright and airy More hints in order to stress nature, facilitate al fresco air flow and sights, and recognize the place and its past.




The Buzz on Landscapers


Circular geometries represent patterns of the sun in addition to the region's craters and the regeneration that can comply with destruction the circle of life. The products and color combination are influenced by and sourced from the instant regional surroundings as well. Raw and natural materials are used throughout, including natural timber and concrete-like blocks constructed of the area's ash-laden dirt and volcanic rocks.


As landscape engineers, we are constantly making every effort to support for and develop an understanding of what we do. While we add to the visual allure of the tasks we service, our core emphasis is crafting areas that transcend, inspire emotional feedbacks, and curate one-of-a-kind, remarkable experiences (Landscapers). Take into consideration the 9/11 Memorial, created by landscape designer Peter Walker and architects Michael Arad and Daniel Liebeskind


Tipping right into a thoughtfully made open room is a powerful antidote to the stress and anxiousness of our day-to-days live. Scientists have actually verified time spent in nature triggers a decline in cortisol, the anxiety hormone, and consistently minimizes signs of look at more info both anxiety and clinical depression. Research studies have actually revealed that exposure to nature can enhance focus, focus, memory, Discover More Here and imagination in a variety of methods.

 

9 Simple Techniques For Landscapers

Little Known Questions About Landscapers.


Landscape Architecture is a crucial civil style solution within our firm, however the area itself can be a little obscure. When lots of people think about style, they typically think about substantial, intriguing buildings with special designs - Landscapers. Architecture is recognized for its special stylistic impacts and how it offers neighborhoods and societies with style


A well-landscaped, appealing lawn has several advantages. Not only does it look terrific, it also includes worth to your building, improves aesthetic charm, and sustains regular lawn care and upkeep, amongst numerous other points. The trick to weed control in Fort Worth is to have a healthy lawn. When your grass is weak, weeds discover a way to slip in and attack.


Spending in landscaping will certainly make your yard much healthier and much better able to fight off weeds on its very own. A home is a major financial investment.




 


Meticulously put trees and shrub trimming in Fort Well worth can color your home and minimize the requirement for air conditioning in the summer season, and block cold wind to lower the requirement for heating in the wintertime. Particular designs are additionally greener and more lasting, so call for less water to remain lush throughout the year.




Some Known Details About Landscapers


While the majority of people invest most of their time inside your home, most of us are still without a doubt drawn outside to take in the sights and sounds of nature. There's simply something regarding the sunshine, green turf, quite blossoms, sweet fragrances, and animals that make the outdoors relaxing and invigorating. Do you have a nice exterior room to pull away to at your home or organization? If not, it's something worth taking into consideration.


Simple modifications, like a tidy landscape, can make a world of distinction., including normal landscape maintenance plans. And you won't have to spend too much.


agree that the more interest you offer to your landscape, the a lot more attractive it is to prospective customers (Landscapers). According to the American Society of Landscape Architects, a professionally designed home can be worth virtually 20% even more than a home with no landscape design. There have actually been countless research studies showing that when people are surrounded by plants, it aids bring them right into harmony with nature.




Landscapers for Beginners


They additionally help minimize glare via home windows. Appropriate landscaping methods supply ecological bene ts.




When storms hit, rich landscapes can really assist. Xeriscaping is a landscaping technique that needs little or no watering. To prevent the effect of these constraints on your landscape design, you might want to attempt xeriscaping.




The Main Principles Of Landscapers


Strolling through a native environment, also in the center of a city, enhances attention and memory. People residing in communities with neighborhood green areas report reduced stress and anxiety levels. As a home owner, you are constantly trying to find ways to keep your home looking its best. A property with a well-maintained landscape not only looks wonderful, it will have a greater market value.


And it can aid improve the value of your home or business. However click to read keeping up with the demands of a well- maintained landscape requires time and initiative. If you can't do it all yourself, The Premises Guys can help! We can aid you experience the benefits of landscape design firsthand. Get In Touch With The Grounds Guys today to ask for a cost-free quote.




LandscapersLandscapers
If you have an attractive, well-kept landscape, it mirrors well on your service and your brand. It shows your treatment regarding your property and value your business.


This is a vital variable for people when picking where to run their company, work, and live. Below are some factors why wise organization proprietors can benefit from having their landscape overhauled for improved sustainability. Sustainable landscape design conserves money, which is perhaps the deciding aspect for lots of organization owners.




 


Transitioning to a sustainable landscape is simply one way services can do their component to contribute to a healthier setting. Companies that make a dedication to lasting procedures are usually appreciated look at these guys by the Earth-conscious area for their efforts. When "going environment-friendly" is a real effort to decrease waste and preserve nature's resources, instead than a trendy advertising angle, the initiative makes sure to obtain favorable attention from potential new clients and customers.


Having sustainable landscapes on their residential properties is a fantastic method for organizations to prove their commitment to those shared worths.




Getting The Landscapers To Work


LandscapersLandscapers
Landscape design wall surfaces are highly durable, environmentally friendly, and very functional in terms of their design with the sheer number of rock kinds, colors, and structures that you have readily available to select from. If you are on the fence, so to speak, about purchasing a brand-new garden wall for your home, our group of landscaping specialists have actually put in the time to assemble this short list highlighting simply a few of the several advantages that occur with purchasing keeping walls for your residential property.


One of the very best points you can do to boost the security of your home's landscaping and maintain every little thing from removing when the rain begins boiling down is to purchase an excellent quality landscaping wall. Including a landscaping wall surface to your residential property will browse around this web-site certainly help you fight versus the activity of the dirt and maintain whatever right where it requires to be, no matter what the elements pick to throw at it.

 

9 Simple Techniques For Landscape Design

What Does Landscape Design Mean?


Landforms, like hills and seaside spits, trigger tribal tales and memories of ancestral tasks, harvest areas and distinguished tipuna - Landscape Design. Some are related to previous battle websites and urupa. Even where there has actually been marked modification in the landscape via the impact of the constructed environment, remnant landscapes can trigger memories of what was as soon as the papakainga (housing locations on genealogical land)


In a modern city atmosphere, you will certainly see concrete flooring and wood outdoor decking however you will certainly constantly see plants in the areas between and around them. Individuals are a lot more mindful nowadays of the significance of protecting the environment and due to the fact that of this, landscape design is now seen as extra crucial than it made use of to be.


All industrialized locations in the globe have problems with contamination, particularly if they have factories there. Factories are required to give a resource of economic development and tasks for individuals however are additionally harmful to the atmosphere. If a manufacturing facility is particularly bad polluter it can leave the location unusable for a long period of time after the manufacturing facility is gone.




 


Climate modification and contamination are badly impacting freshwater supply in several areas. Landscape style protects wetlands and seeks remedies to give storm-water administration in an all-natural way.




The Buzz on Landscape Design


One means of doing this by phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a reduced price solution which entails the straight use living eco-friendly plants for removal, degradation, or control of impurities in dirts, sludges, sediments, surface area water and groundwater. Put simply, plants are used to help cleanse up the pollutants in soil.


Landscape architecture helps to safeguard and care for them. Landscape architecture takes all these things right into account when trying to discover the best plants composition for each site.




This boosts the top quality of the physical health of the regional population providing much more options for recreation and the chance to get social connections with other individuals making use of the space. By investing some time in nature, even simply resting, it has a positive impact on individuals's frame of mind and mood. So having more green rooms correlates with having much better psychological health.


Countless studies have actually been lugged out pertaining to landscape, landscape style and metropolitan landscape and it indicates the relevance of this issue among designers and scholars. These studies have been taken care of various aspects of landscape and checked out the reciprocal impacts in between landscape and human. Actually, landscape is acknowledged as a component of environment; therefore as setting and human have a dynamic and mutual connection, landscape has such an affordances.




The Ultimate Guide To Landscape Design


According to this view, the following study investigates the importance of landscape in developing library and clarifies the different aspects of its influence on the library space. As a result, the outcomings of this research study present a conceptual version from the assimilation of landscape and collection area with the purpose of enhancing learning procedure.


This research study checks out originally the idea of landscape and landscape style; after that, it deals with the evaluation of the connection in between landscape and atmosphere. After examining the affordances of environment and landscape from various point of views, the setting of the library and the circumstances in which users study are examined. Lastly, the findings of the research are provided based on the examination and analysis.


Landscape developers play with different elements of landscape design to produce breathtaking styles. A landscape layout has several aspects, such as type, line, color, and appearance. Today, we will certainly go over the final aspect in detail, describing its importance in landscape design (Landscape Design). The elements mentioned above are utilized to enhance the landscape's visual allure.


The structure is an aspect utilized to use range, improve rate of interest, and construct comparison in a landscape. Just, the appearance is referred to as exactly how crude or great a plant or other surface areas in the landscape area really advice feel and show up.


Most notably, the size and form of the leaves are made use of to identify the plant's perceived appearance. Typically, there are 3 kinds of texture: Let's have a look at the severe ends in detail. Rugged texture is typically viewed as the leading one, ruling shade and type. The comparison of dark and light shadows on a rugged surface develops even more passion, attracting the visitors.


This is since coarse appearance reduces distance, making the location look smaller sized than it is. Every fallen leave of a plant that has a crude texture disrupts the outline, providing a looser type to the plant. You can utilize large leaves with asymmetrical sides or deep, strong veins to produce a coarse texture.




Unknown Facts About Landscape Design


It continues to be second to various other landscape residential or commercial properties and unifies a structure. Fine-textured plants generally have a more powerful type and a strong edge.




Landscape DesignLandscape Design
Whether you go with coarse appearance or fine texture, it can boost your landscape in different means. At Intermediary Landscapes, we have several of the most effective landscape design developers and service providers who grasp the art of developing and building stunning landscapes, even in the most hard locations of your front yard.


Below are some factors why clever organization proprietors can benefit from having their landscape upgraded for improved sustainability. Sustainable landscape style conserves cash, which is maybe the determining variable for several service owners.


Transitioning to a sustainable landscape is just one method organizations can do their component to contribute to a healthier atmosphere. Services that make a commitment to lasting operations are usually valued by the Earth-conscious community for their initiatives. When "going eco-friendly" is a genuine initiative to reduce waste and preserve nature's sources, as opposed to a fashionable marketing angle, the effort makes certain to gain favorable focus from potential new customers and consumers.




The 6-Minute Rule for Landscape Design


Having lasting landscapes on their buildings is a great method for services to show their commitment to those shared values. Local business owner who are thinking about a lasting landscaping project ought to get in touch with the seasoned team at Plant Professionals. Our expertise is matched by our interest for designing spectacular, yet sustainable, landscapes.


There are lots of advantages linked with implementing a new landscape layout. Regrettably, changing your landscape is much easier claimed than done, and you could feel you're full blast of ideas for starting. This is where a landscape design company comes in. you can check here With the assistance of experts, you can take pleasure in the following advantages.




Landscape DesignLandscape Design

 



As you can see, landscape design is crucial if you intend to take full here are the findings advantage of the circulation and function of your landscape. Fortunately is that you can depend on professionals to ensure that all the components of your style integrated magnificently. This will certainly aid you save time, cash, and a great deal of initiative.

 

The Best Strategy To Use For Shuffield Land Clearing & Services

Excitement About Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


 

Shuffield Land Clearing & Services

Credit Report: Interlocking Concrete Sidewalk Institute, Flickr. The size of a firm might make a distinction in the competence and offerings that they will certainly have the ability to provide you, she adds. https://www.quora.com/profile/Richard-Johnson-3271. A full-service company could have more staff such as an arborist, landscape designer and yard professional that could enhance your experience




Their lawn upkeep staff members will certainly be the ones functioning at your home. This is a solution market, and a home owner can ask the organization owner what they do for their employees. Do they promote from within the firm? "Expert landscape workers work hard," Henriksen claims. "Excellent companies acknowledge that and keep their employees happy by having possibilities for development with continuous training and allow them comprehend the profession courses offered to them (Residential land clearing)." If you locate a landscape driver much less seasoned and less knowledgeable yet has the cheapest proposal, reconsider what you will be getting, she adds.




 


Ask regarding just how many years they have been in the company. Check with the local Better Service Bureau to see if the organization has actually generated a whole lot of complaints.




Some Known Incorrect Statements About Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


The health and wellness of the yard, trees or plants could turn negative for some factor which may include additional prices. "He ruins our lawn when he goes the washroom.




Shuffield Land Clearing & ServicesShuffield Land Clearing & Services
She understands when they come to repair the yard that she will certainly be paying added. Key photo credit history: Bastian, Flickr Lee Nelson, a seasoned freelance author and previous award-winning newspaper reporter, writes for National Association of Realtors and numerous state Real estate professional magazines. She resides in Illinois with her senior high school sweetheart and enjoys cooking, swimming, traveling and hanging out with her grandchildren.




Shuffield Land Clearing & Services Can Be Fun For Anyone


This blog site will certainly concentrate on the most effective landscape design business concepts that can assist you win much more clients. Table of Material Landscaping can be a very rewarding organization, specifically if you are able to supply an one-of-a-kind and preferable solution.


Depending on the regularity with which clients require upkeep, many lawn treatment business offer weekly, biweekly, or month-to-month services. The need for landscape design solutions is always high, particularly in urban locations where people are constantly looking for means to improve their exterior areas.




The Single Strategy To Use For Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


Shuffield Land Clearing & ServicesShuffield Land Clearing & Services
Watering, growing, leaf blowing, cutting, raking, digging, and hoeing are just a few of the services supplied by garden care companies to maintain their customers' homes and backyards looking their best. Residential landscape design is still among the most effective gardening organization ideas. You will need to have some experience in landscaping and be able to supply a range of solutions to your customers.


Landscape design construction organizations provide the list below kinds of services:- Softscape landscape building and construction This includes examining a residential or commercial landscape and planning the design with yards, yards, or flower bed setups. Hardscape landscape construction This takes care of the non-living attributes of a landscape such as stonework, wall surface retaining, and a lot more.




Some Of Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


Bird baths, water fountains, stands, vases, ceramic art, and other such things are all examples of landscape ornaments. They enhance the aesthetic worth of the space and draw focus to the useful link whole project. A store where people can come and purchase tools and equipment used in landscaping including mower, leaf blowers, and landscape scissors can be extremely profitable.


The term garden facility is a business facility that supplies both retail and wholesale sales of plants and horticulture materials. Organizations can offer anything from potting dirt to equipment. If you're enthusiastic regarding herbs and horticulture, after that starting your own natural herb horticulture landscape design organization can be an excellent landscape organization idea for you! You could focus on creating and preserving attractive natural herb yards for both property and commercial customers.




3 Simple Techniques For Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


A natural seed service gives an opportunity for people to put their sources to great usage. Trading seeds for money is a financially rewarding company that can be started with really little investment. In light of the growing requirement for organic products among today's house owners, some landscaping companies may opt to grow plants and bushes from seeds making this a successful company.


A landscape illumination company will certainly deal with preparation, layout, and illumination positioning to highlight the very best in a landscape (Residential land clearing). If you have a passion for gardening and landscaping, then starting a landscape design supply rental organization could be the perfect company idea for you. With this kind of organization, you would certainly give customers with the materials they need to complete their landscaping projects, and then you would certainly bill a rental cost for making use of the devices


These decks can be of different quality and materials depending upon the needs of the property owners. Professionals who focus on outside kitchen area building will analyze a space and develop a plan for an outside kitchen area that matches the existing outside space. They watch over the yard kitchen area installation to see to it every inch of area is placed to good use.




The Buzz on Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


A firm that concentrates entirely on generating landscape lighting can make these illumination components and afterwards market them to landscaping companies throughout the world. Environmentally friendly, plant-safe lights is something that companies can create as well. The fertilizer utilized to prepare the landscape for planting need to originate from a supplier with substantial experience in the field.

 

What Does Shuffield Land Clearing & Services Mean?

All about Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


This indicates that when the bumps on the walking canes get larger and red in shade, it's time to trim your roses! Just How to Trim Rose Bushes Usage clean, sharp devices. Consider the general plant, however begin trimming from the base of the plant. Prune to open the facility of the plant to add light and air blood circulation.




Right Of Way ClearingCommercial Land Clearing
This zone is generally specified as the area under a tree and bent on its drip line. Improving problems in this protection zone will additionally result in major wellness advantages to a tree. Mulching is one of the most advantageous thing a resident can do for the wellness of a young tree.




Rumored Buzz on Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


Ideally, growing trees ought to be fed throughout the year. The best quantities need to be applied during the early springtime and summer months. Numerous light applications a year are preferred as the tree grows older. Pruning is essential in establishing a tree with a solid framework and desirable kind. A tree is never in better threat than during a tornado.


You may additionally have to get rid of a tree that endangers life and building during or after a storm. Trees in Loss are starting their inactive phase. Some trees might appear to be inactive however the fact is they require to be winterized protected and looked after to remain healthy and free from conditions and insects.




Shuffield Land Clearing & Services for Dummies




You wish to aid your landscape obtain off to a healthy beginning by doing the following: Remove all fallen leaves and other plant particles such as sticks and dead plants. Freshen damaged areas by handing over dirt and removing plugs of dirt. Cut the grass concerning 30 percent shorter than you would usually (https://www.cheaperseeker.com/u/shffl3dsrvcs).


Cover all patches with peat moss or compost. Completely water your yard and keep it consistently moist for two to 4 weeks. Fertilize again after four weeks. Icing up temperatures can be harming to a landscape. There are a few points you can do to assist keep your landscape shielded, even in severe wintertimes. Site demolition.




Lot ClearingLot Clearing
If these items are not removed, they can contribute to rot and mold together with various other grass illness. By eliminating them, you're leaving plenty of room for brand-new growth that will add to a healthy and balanced landscape in the springtime. It is likewise very vital to maintain your yard weeded frequently.




Shuffield Land Clearing & Services Fundamentals Explained


Cold and dry winds often go along with winter, which can dry out plants. By sprinkling your plants, you will certainly aid retain dampness. Moistening the vegetation of plants before a freeze does not, however, provide any chilly protection. you could try this out A well-watered dirt will additionally soak up even more solar radiation than completely dry dirt and will re-radiate the warmth throughout the evening.


Using dry material like want or straw will aid maintain wetness in (https://anotepad.com/notes/cqti96qf). Mulches, then, are best made use of to shield below-ground components or crowns or might be made use of to entirely cover low-growing plants to a depth of 4 inches. Dirt work.




3 Easy Facts About Shuffield Land Clearing & Services Described


Do your finest to cover any type of outside plants with plastic or cardboard boxes. Proper Treatment of plants in the cold winter includes making sure you do a deciduous seasonal cut back.


Without proper care and interest, perennials will need to combat via the old growth in the springtime time. You wish to reduce them back, so they have a lot of room to grow. Wintertime perennial cut back are commonly neglected. Make time and effort to reduce your perennials. You'll be able to see a noticeable distinction throughout their peak period.




Getting The Shuffield Land Clearing & Services To Work


 


They can expand to be several feet in height and bear dark green fallen leaves that gauge three to six inches in length. To acquire shade, it must be left in the dark for 12 hours at once; at the same time, the plant needs much light during the day to reach a bright color.


For the trees total health and wellness, correct tree pruning helps boost brand-new growth and the healing of wounds. It enhances the look of trees in your landscape.




A Biased View of Shuffield Land Clearing & Services


They can likewise enable different tree climbing up animals' access to your roof covering and possibly your home. Winter season Rye lawn is a yearly turf that lives for one season and dies out. This sort of lawn serves for developing a green lawn in the winter by over seeding an existing lawn.


It typically takes concerning 3 weeks for wintertime rye lawn to establish itself. Mulching can be among the most valuable things you can do for your dirt and your plants. If you have not thought about mulching your yard in the past, you may desire to reconsider. The main reason for mulch is to preserve wetness in the soil.




Cedar MulchingMulching
Compost protects dirt from baking and drying out by altering the soil temperature level and acting as an insulator to fit the surface needs in both the summertime and winter months periods. Mulch likewise protects against dirt crusting by enabling water to permeate right into the soil for absorption and movement. Consistent wetness promotes healthy plant development.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15